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KVERT DAILY RELEASE, January 10, 2024
by KVERT 10 Jan '24

10 Jan '24

KVERT DAILY REPORT Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanic Activity January 10, 2024, all time is UTC SHEVELUCH VOLCANO (CAVW #300270) 56.64 N, 161.32 E; Elevation 3283 m (10768 ft), the dome elevation ~2500 m (8200 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE An extrusive-effusive eruption of the volcano continues: a lava is extruding into the explosive crater of the Young Sheveluch, it is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity, and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome. In the area of the Karan dome, powerful gas-steam activity is also observed. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. EBEKO VOLCANO (CAVW #290380) 50.69 N, 156.01 E; Elevation 1156 m (3792 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. Satellite data by KVERT showed the volcano was obscured by clouds. BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO (CAVW #300250) 55.97 N, 160.6 E; Elevation 2882 m (9453 ft) Aviation Colour Code is YELLOW An effusive eruption of the volcano continues; a strong fumarolic activity and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome is accompanied this process. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. CONTACT INFORMATION: Duty scientist: Alexander G. Manevich, E-mail: mag(a)kscnet.ru Tel. Duty scientist: +79622825253 Head of KVERT Dr. Olga A. Girina, E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel.: +74152202044 In Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users. The daily satellite monitoring for volcanoes of Kamchatkan and Kuriles are producing of KVERT. KVERT web-page (the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS): http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/.

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KVERT DAILY RELEASE, January 09, 2024
by KVERT 09 Jan '24

09 Jan '24

KVERT DAILY REPORT Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanic Activity January 09, 2024, all time is UTC SHEVELUCH VOLCANO (CAVW #300270) 56.64 N, 161.32 E; Elevation 3283 m (10768 ft), the dome elevation ~2500 m (8200 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE An extrusive-effusive eruption of the volcano continues: a lava is extruding into the explosive crater of the Young Sheveluch, it is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity, and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome. In the area of the Karan dome, powerful gas-steam activity is also observed. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. EBEKO VOLCANO (CAVW #290380) 50.69 N, 156.01 E; Elevation 1156 m (3792 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. According to visual data from Severo-Kurilsk, explosions sent ash up to 2.5 km a.s.l., and ash clouds drifted to the north-west of the volcano. Satellite data by KVERT showed the volcano was obscured by clouds. BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO (CAVW #300250) 55.97 N, 160.6 E; Elevation 2882 m (9453 ft) Aviation Colour Code is YELLOW An effusive eruption of the volcano continues; a strong fumarolic activity and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome is accompanied this process. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. CONTACT INFORMATION: Duty scientist: Dmitry V. Melnikov, E-mail: dvm(a)kscnet.ru Tel. Duty scientist: +79622825253 Head of KVERT Dr. Olga A. Girina, E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel.: +74152202044 In Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users. The daily satellite monitoring for volcanoes of Kamchatkan and Kuriles are producing of KVERT. KVERT web-page (the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS): http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/.

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KVERT DAILY RELEASE, January 08, 2024
by KVERT 08 Jan '24

08 Jan '24

KVERT DAILY REPORT Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanic Activity January 08, 2024, all time is UTC SHEVELUCH VOLCANO (CAVW #300270) 56.64 N, 161.32 E; Elevation 3283 m (10768 ft), the dome elevation ~2500 m (8200 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE An extrusive-effusive eruption of the volcano continues: a lava is extruding into the explosive crater of the Young Sheveluch, it is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity, and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome. In the area of the Karan dome, powerful gas-steam activity is also observed. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. EBEKO VOLCANO (CAVW #290380) 50.69 N, 156.01 E; Elevation 1156 m (3792 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. According to visual data from Severo-Kurilsk, explosions sent ash up to 2.5 km a.s.l., and ash clouds drifted to the northwest of the volcano. Satellite data by KVERT showed the volcano was obscured by clouds. BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO (CAVW #300250) 55.97 N, 160.6 E; Elevation 2882 m (9453 ft) Aviation Colour Code is YELLOW An effusive eruption of the volcano continues; a strong fumarolic activity and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome is accompanied this process. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. CONTACT INFORMATION: Duty scientist: Olga A. Girina, E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel. Duty scientist: +79622825253 Head of KVERT Dr. Olga A. Girina, E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel.: +74152202044 In Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users. The daily satellite monitoring for volcanoes of Kamchatkan and Kuriles are producing of KVERT. KVERT web-page (the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS): http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/.

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KVERT DAILY RELEASE, January 07, 2024
by KVERT 07 Jan '24

07 Jan '24

KVERT DAILY REPORT Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanic Activity January 07, 2024, all time is UTC SHEVELUCH VOLCANO (CAVW #300270) 56.64 N, 161.32 E; Elevation 3283 m (10768 ft), the dome elevation ~2500 m (8200 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE An extrusive-effusive eruption of the volcano continues: a lava is extruding into the explosive crater of the Young Sheveluch, it is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity, and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome. In the area of the Karan dome, powerful gas-steam activity is also observed. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. EBEKO VOLCANO (CAVW #290380) 50.69 N, 156.01 E; Elevation 1156 m (3792 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. Satellite data by KVERT showed the volcano was obscured by clouds. BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO (CAVW #300250) 55.97 N, 160.6 E; Elevation 2882 m (9453 ft) Aviation Colour Code is YELLOW An effusive eruption of the volcano continues; a strong fumarolic activity and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome is accompanied this process. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. CONTACT INFORMATION: Duty scientist: Anton A. Nuzhdaev, E-mail: envi(a)kscnet.ru Tel. Duty scientist: +79622825253 Head of KVERT Dr. Olga A. Girina, E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel.: +74152202044 In Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users. The daily satellite monitoring for volcanoes of Kamchatkan and Kuriles are producing of KVERT. KVERT web-page (the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS): http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/.

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KVERT DAILY RELEASE, January 06, 2024
by KVERT 06 Jan '24

06 Jan '24

KVERT DAILY REPORT Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanic Activity January 06, 2024, all time is UTC SHEVELUCH VOLCANO (CAVW #300270) 56.64 N, 161.32 E; Elevation 3283 m (10768 ft), the dome elevation ~2500 m (8200 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE An extrusive-effusive eruption of the volcano continues: a lava is extruding into the explosive crater of the Young Sheveluch, it is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity, and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome. In the area of the Karan dome, powerful gas-steam activity is also observed. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. EBEKO VOLCANO (CAVW #290380) 50.69 N, 156.01 E; Elevation 1156 m (3792 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. According to visual data from Severo-Kurilsk, explosions sent ash up to 2.5 km a.s.l., and ash clouds drifted to the south-east of the volcano. Satellite data by KVERT showed the volcano was obscured by clouds. BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO (CAVW #300250) 55.97 N, 160.6 E; Elevation 2882 m (9453 ft) Aviation Colour Code is YELLOW An effusive eruption of the volcano continues; a strong fumarolic activity and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome is accompanied this process. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. CONTACT INFORMATION: Duty scientist: Dmitry V. Melnikov, E-mail: dvm(a)kscnet.ru Tel. Duty scientist: +79622825253 Head of KVERT Dr. Olga A. Girina, E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel.: +74152202044 In Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users. The daily satellite monitoring for volcanoes of Kamchatkan and Kuriles are producing of KVERT. KVERT web-page (the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS): http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/.

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KVERT DAILY RELEASE, January 05, 2024
by KVERT 05 Jan '24

05 Jan '24

KVERT DAILY REPORT Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanic Activity January 05, 2024, all time is UTC SHEVELUCH VOLCANO (CAVW #300270) 56.64 N, 161.32 E; Elevation 3283 m (10768 ft), the dome elevation ~2500 m (8200 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE An extrusive-effusive eruption of the volcano continues: a lava is extruding into the explosive crater of the Young Sheveluch, it is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity, and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome. In the area of the Karan dome, powerful gas-steam activity is also observed. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. EBEKO VOLCANO (CAVW #290380) 50.69 N, 156.01 E; Elevation 1156 m (3792 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. Satellite data by KVERT showed the volcano was obscured by clouds. BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO (CAVW #300250) 55.97 N, 160.6 E; Elevation 2882 m (9453 ft) Aviation Colour Code is YELLOW An effusive eruption of the volcano continues; a strong fumarolic activity and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome is accompanied this process. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. CONTACT INFORMATION: Duty scientist: Alexander G. Manevich, E-mail: mag(a)kscnet.ru Tel. Duty scientist: +79622825253 Head of KVERT Dr. Olga A. Girina, E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel.: +74152202044 In Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users. The daily satellite monitoring for volcanoes of Kamchatkan and Kuriles are producing of KVERT. KVERT web-page (the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS): http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/.

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VONA/KVERT (Ebeko 2024-03)
by KVERT 05 Jan '24

05 Jan '24

 (1) VOLCANO OBSERVATORY NOTICE FOR AVIATION (VONA) (2) Issued:20240106/0234Z (3) Volcano:Ebeko (CAVW #290380) (4) Current aviation colour code:ORANGE (5) Previous aviation colour code:orange (6) Source:KVERT (7) Notice Number:2024-03 (8) Volcano Location:N 50 deg 41 min E 156 deg 0 min (9) Area:Northern Kuriles, Russia (10) Summit Elevation:1156 m (3791.68 ft)(11) Volcanic Activity Summary:A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. According to visual data from Severo-Kurilsk, explosions sent ash up to 2 km a.s.l., and ash cloud drifted to the south-east of the volcano.\n\nA moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. Ash explosions up to 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. could occur at any time. Ongoing activity could affect low-flying aircraft and airport of Severo-Kurilsk. (12) Volcanic cloud height:1800-2000 m (5904-6560 ft) AMSL Time and method of ash plume/cloud height determination: 20240106/0226Z – Visual data(13) Other volcanic cloud information:Distance of ash plume/cloud of the volcano: 5 km (3 mi)\nDirection of drift of ash plume/cloud of the volcano: SE\nTime and method of ash plume/cloud determination: 20240106/0226Z – Visual data\nStart time of explosion and how determined: 20240106/0226Z – Visual data(14) Remarks:(15) Contacts: Alexander G. Manevich, IVS FEB RAS\nmag(a)kscnet.ru +74152202115\n\nDuty scientist: +79622825253 (16) Next Notice:A new VONA will be issued if conditions change significantly or the colour code is changed. VONAs are posted at http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/.\n\nIn Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users.

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KVERT DAILY RELEASE, January 04, 2024
by KVERT 04 Jan '24

04 Jan '24

KVERT DAILY REPORT Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanic Activity January 04, 2024, all time is UTC SHEVELUCH VOLCANO (CAVW #300270) 56.64 N, 161.32 E; Elevation 3283 m (10768 ft), the dome elevation ~2500 m (8200 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE An extrusive-effusive eruption of the volcano continues: a lava is extruding into the explosive crater of the Young Sheveluch, it is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity, and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome. In the area of the Karan dome, powerful gas-steam activity is also observed. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. EBEKO VOLCANO (CAVW #290380) 50.69 N, 156.01 E; Elevation 1156 m (3792 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. According to visual data from Severo-Kurilsk, explosions sent ash up to 2.5 km a.s.l., and ash clouds drifted to the east of the volcano. Satellite data by KVERT showed the volcano was obscured by clouds. BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO (CAVW #300250) 55.97 N, 160.6 E; Elevation 2882 m (9453 ft) Aviation Colour Code is YELLOW An effusive eruption of the volcano continues; a strong fumarolic activity and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome is accompanied this process. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. CONTACT INFORMATION: Duty scientist: Olga A. Girina, E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel. Duty scientist: +79622825253 Head of KVERT Dr. Olga A. Girina, E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel.: +74152202044 In Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users. The daily satellite monitoring for volcanoes of Kamchatkan and Kuriles are producing of KVERT. KVERT web-page (the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS): http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/.

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KVERT WEEKLY INFORMATION RELEASE, January 04, 2024, 23:23 UTC
by KVERT 04 Jan '24

04 Jan '24

KVERT WEEKLY INFORMATION RELEASE 01-2024 Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanic Activity January 04, 2024, 23:23 UTC (January 05, 2024, 11:23 KST) KVERT monitor active volcanoes of Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands. Not all of these volcanoes had eruptions in historical time, however they are potentially active and therefore are of concern to aviation. SUMMARY OF AVIATION COLOUR CODES: KAMCHATKA SHEVELUCH: ORANGE BEZYMIANNY: YELLOW AVACHINSKY, DIKY GREBEN, GAMCHEN, GORELY, ICHINSKY, ILIINSKY, KAMBALNY, KARYMSKY, KHANGAR, KHODUTKA, KIKHPINYCH, KIZIMEN, KLYUCHEVSKOY, KOMAROV, KORYAKSKY, KOSHELEV, KRASHENINNIKOV, KRONOTSKY, KSUDACH, MALY SEMYACHIK, MUTNOVSKY, OPALA, PLOSKY TOLBACHIK, TAUNSHITS, USHKOVSKY, VYSOKY, ZHELTOVSKY, ZHUPANOVSKY: GREEN NORTHERN KURILES EBEKO: ORANGE ALAID, ANTSIFEROV, CHIKURACHKI, CHIRINKOTAN, EKARMA, FUSS PEAK, KARPINSKY, KRENITSIN PEAK, KUNTOMINTAR, NEMO PEAK, SEVERGIN, SINARKA, TATARINOV: GREEN CENTRAL KURILES GORYASHCHY, PALLAS PEAK, PREVO PEAK, RAIKOKE, RASSHUA, SARYCHEV PEAK, USHISHIR, ZAVARITSKY CALDERA: GREEN SOUTHERN KURILES ATSONUPURI, BARANSKY, BERG, BERUTARUBE, BOGDAN KHMELNITSKY, BRAT CHIRPOEV, CHYORNOGO, GOLOVNIN, IVAN GROZNY, KOLOKOL, KUDRYAVY, MENDELEEV, SNOW, STOKAP, TREZUBETS, TYATYA: GREEN SHEVELUCH VOLCANO (CAVW #300270) 56.64 N, 161.32 E; Elevation 3283 m (10768 ft), the dome elevation ~2500 m (8200 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE The extrusive-effusive eruption of the volcano continues. A danger of ash explosions up to 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. remains. Ongoing activity could affect low-flying aircraft. The extrusive-effusive eruption of the volcano continues: a lava is extruded out in the explosive crater of the Young Sheveluch, it is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity, and sometimes an incandescence of the lava dome. A powerful gas-steam activity is also observed at the area of the Karan dome. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano all week. http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/volc?lang=en&name=Sheveluch EBEKO VOLCANO (CAVW #290380) 50.69 N, 156.01 E; Elevation 1156 m (3792 ft) Aviation Colour Code is ORANGE A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. Ash explosions up to 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. could occur at any time. Ongoing activity could affect low-flying aircraft and airport of Severo-Kurilsk. A moderate explosive eruption of the volcano continues. According to visual data from Severo-Kurilsk, explosions sent ash up to 3.5 km a.s.l. on 30-31 December, ash clouds drifted to the southeast of the volcano. Satellite data by KVERT showed the volcano was quiet or obscured by clouds all week. http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/volc?lang=en&name=Ebeko BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO (CAVW #300250) 55.97 N, 160.6 E; Elevation 2882 m (9453 ft) Aviation Colour Code is YELLOW The effusive eruption of the volcano continues. Ongoing activity could affect low-flying aircraft. The effusive eruption of the volcano (extruding a viscous lava flow onto the slopes of the dome) continues, it is accompanied by powerful gas-steam activity, an incandescence of the lava dome, and sometimes by the collapses of hot avalanches. Satellite data by KVERT showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano all week. http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/volc?lang=en&name=Bezymianny IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR CONCERNS, PLEASE CONTACT: Dr. Olga A. Girina, Head of KVERT, IVS FEB RAS E-mail: girina(a)kscnet.ru Tel.: +74152202044 Tel. Duty scientist: +79622825253 In Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users. KVERT scientists are available in the office from 8:30 AM till 6:00 PM (KST) 7 days in week and by phone during the evenings since 2005. KVERT produces daily satellite monitoring (since 2002 till now) of Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanoes to using the information system (IS) “Remote monitoring of the activity of Kamchatka and Kuriles volcanoes (VolSatView)”, which was created in 2011-2014 the joint efforts of the scientists of KVERT IVS FEB RAS, the Space Research Institute RAS, the Computing Center FEB RAS and the Far Eastern Scientific Center Planet. IS continues to evolve. KVERT analyses information from remote scientific observation stations and seismic data for volcanoes: Alaid, Avachinsky, Bezymianny, Gorely, Karymsky, Kizimen, Klyuchevskoy, Koryaksky, Mutnovsky, Plosky Tolbachik, Sheveluch, Ushkovsky, Zhupanovsky (from the Kamchatkan Branch of Geophysical Survey RAS); and other information to monitor activity at Kamchatkan and Kuriles Volcanoes. KVERT web-page (the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS): http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/ Web-cameras for Kamchatkan volcanoes: http://geoportal.kscnet.ru/volcanoes/webcams.php

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VONA/KVERT (Klyuchevskoy 2024-02)
by KVERT 04 Jan '24

04 Jan '24

 (1) VOLCANO OBSERVATORY NOTICE FOR AVIATION (VONA) (2) Issued:20240104/2304Z (3) Volcano:Klyuchevskoy (CAVW #300260) (4) Current aviation colour code:GREEN (5) Previous aviation colour code:yellow (6) Source:KVERT (7) Notice Number:2024-02 (8) Volcano Location:N 56 deg 3 min E 160 deg 38 min (9) Area:Kamchatka, Russia (10) Summit Elevation:4750 m (15580 ft)(11) Volcanic Activity Summary:The explosive eruption of the volcano occurred from 30 December, 2023 to 01 January, 2024 with ash removal up to 7 km a.s.l. The ash plume stretched up to 230 km northwest of the volcano. Currently, only fumarole activity of the volcano is observed. The glow over the crater at night continues to be observed on 02-04 January, but the value of temperature difference between the thermal anomaly and the background does not exceed 50 degrees of Celsius, which indicates the absence of Strombolian activity of the volcano. The glow above the crater of the Klyuchevskoy volcano is associated with the temperature difference between the fumarole gases flow and cold air at an altitude of 5 km a.s.l. KVERT continues the monitoring of the Klyuchevskoy volcano.\n\nA gas-steam activity of the volcano continues. Ongoing activity could affect low-flying aircraft. (12) Volcanic cloud height:NO ASH CLOUD PRODUSED(13) Other volcanic cloud information:NO ASH CLOUD PRODUSED(14) Remarks:(15) Contacts:Dr. Olga A. Girina, Head of KVERT, IVS FEB RAS\ngirina(a)kscnet.ru +74152202044\n\nDuty scientist: +79622825253 (16) Next Notice:A new VONA will be issued if conditions change significantly or the colour code is changed. VONAs are posted at http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/.\n\nIn Russia, KVERT, on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FEB RAS, is responsible for providing information on volcanic activity to international air navigation services for the airspace users.

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