July 2017 - Avoemails - list.avo.alaska.edu

Re: Bogoslov volcano
by cheryl.cameron＠alaska.gov 11 Jul '17

11 Jul '17

Hi Sharon - Bogoslof's magma and eruption is definitely the result of plate tectonics. In Alaska, the Pacific Plate is being subducted under the North American Plate at a rate of about 2.5 to 3 inches per year. >From Nye, C. J., Queen, Katherine, and McCarthy, A. M., 1998, Volcanoes of Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Information Circular IC 0038, unpaged, 1 sheet, scale 1:4,000,000: "As the plate descends into the mantle (dense rock that underlies the earth's crust), it undergoes a series of chemical and physical changes caused by increasing pressure and temperature. First, the water that is stored in subducted sediments and in the oceanic crust is released. Then, at greater depths, water-bearing minerals (such as hornblende) change into non-water-bearing minerals (such as pyroxene). Water given off by this process, along with dissolved impurities, rises into the overlying mantle. The addition of water to the mantle lowers its melting point and is one of the primary processes that leads to the production of magma. Magma also forms as the mantle, stirred by the motion of the descending Pacific Plate, rises to a position beneath the volcanoes. "The magma that results from these processes is less dense than the surrounding mantle and rises toward the surface of the earth. When it reaches the continental crust, which is less dense than mantle and the mantle-derived magma, it pools and begins to change in character. First it heats, then melts, and then mixes with the surrounding crust or country rock. As the magma cools, it begins to crystallize and the crystals that form differ in composition from the magma. This is important because the crystals separate from the liquid, which changes the magma's composition still further; it becomes richer in those chemical components not concentrated in the crystals. This process is called fractional crystallization, or fractionation. The most fundamental change that results from the fractional crystallization of magma is the increase in silica. Throughout the fractionation process magma changes from the initial basalt to andesite and then to dacite. As the silica content of the magma increases, the magma continually becomes less and less dense until it reaches a point where it is lighter than the crust that surrounds it and then resumes its rise to the surface. Depending on the magma's rate of ascent, it can continue to crystallize, fractionate, and assimilate with the surrounding crust producing, in extreme cases, rhyolite with up to 76 percent silica. When the magmas finally reach the surface, if they are relatively poor in dissolved gases, they erupt non-explosively and form lava flows or domes. If they are rich in dissolved gases, they explode violently (like a shaken soda bottle) and form columns of volcanic ash that can reach more than 15 kilometers (45,000 feet) into the atmosphere. The processes outlined above are a thumbnail sketch of the complicated processes that form the volcanoes of the Aleutian Arc." Regarding Bogoslof's specific magma chamber and prognosis for eruption, our best guide to what Bogoslof might do right now is what has happened in the past - previous eruptions of Bogoslof have lasted for months to years. Larger amounts of material expelled doesn't necessarily mean a longer eruption - the largest eruption of the 20th century (Novarupta-Katmai 1912) took only 3 and a half days. Some volcanoes have very long lived eruptions - like Kilauea, in Hawaii - which has been erupting from the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent since 1983! Thank you, Cheryl ----- Sharon Eoff wrote: I have a question. Is there any way of finding out what is under the volcano? Is there a big magma chamber that is erupting like, for a lack of a better analogue, a bowl of beans? Could it be caused from plate subduction or convergent??? Why is it erupting like it is and not settling down like Mt. St. Helens?? Thank you for your time. Respectfully Sharon -- Cheryl Cameron Geologist, Alaska Volcano Observatory Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys voice: 907-451-5012 fax: 907-451-5050

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[Public Email] Bogoslov volcano
by Immanuel316＠msn.com 10 Jul '17

10 Jul '17

--------------------------------------------------------------- The following message was sent to you via AVO Web Email System: --------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Sharon Eoff Email Address: Immanuel316(a)msn.com Subject: Bogoslov volcano Message: I have a question. Is there any way of finding out what is under the volcano? Is there a big magma chamber that is erupting like, for a lack of a better analogue, a bowl of beans? Could it be caused from plate subduction or convergent??? Why is it erupting like it is and not settling down like Mt. St. Helens?? Thank you for your time. Respectfully Sharon ---------------------------------------------------------------- REMOTE IP ADDRESS: 137.229.113.11 USER AGENT/BROWSER: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko REFERRING PAGE: https://www.avo.alaska.edu/contact.php

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Re: Press Inquiry: Reuters - Bogoslof Volcano
by cheryl.cameron＠alaska.gov 10 Jul '17

10 Jul '17

Hello Christina- We do not have any video of Bogoslof erupting. All of our images related to the 2016-2017 eruption of Bogoslof are on this page: https://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Bogoslof&page=im… Thank you, Cheryl -------- Christina Anagnostopoulos wrote: Hi there, My name is Christina, I work for Reuters news agency, we heard about the Bogoslof Volcano eruption, and were wondering if the AVO had any photos or videos of the eruption you might be able to share with us? Do let me know! Many thanks, Christina -- Cheryl Cameron Geologist, Alaska Volcano Observatory Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys voice: 907-451-5012 fax: 907-451-5050

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Re: Volcanology Graduate Voluntary Work Opportunities
by cheryl.cameron＠alaska.gov 10 Jul '17

10 Jul '17

Hello Hannah - Sorry, AVO does not have a volunteer or internship program. Sometimes volcanology students at the University of Alaska Fairbanks are involved on AVO projects. As far as other opportunities, I know that HVO has a great volunteer program: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hvo_volunteer.html , and the International Volcanology Field School runs in the summer, although 2017's program just recently finished: https://www.uaf.edu/geology/academics/international-volcanology/ Best wishes on your studies and volcanologic career! cheryl -------- Hannah Woods wrote: Dear Sir/Madam, My name is Hannah Woods and I am a recent MSc Geoscience Research graduate from Keele University, England. I am emailing to enquire about any voluntary work opportunities within AVO, as I am greatly passionate about gaining more experience, with ambitions of pursuing further postgraduate studies and field work in volcanology. Having completed my undergraduate degree at the University of Birmingham, England, I developed an active interest in volcanology and volcanic monitoring. From this, I completed a masters degree in Geoscience Research at Keele University, focusing on the geochemical and petrological analysis of Santorini Volcano magma system during a caldera cycle event. This allowed me to gain invaluable field experience in an active volcanic area, develop sample preparation techniques and undertake laboratory analyses by utilizing many analytical techniques such as ICP-OES, ICP-MS, and optical microscopy. Inbetween university terms, I was awarded the opportunity to pursue a four-week internship with GeoTenerife and INVOLCAN on the Canary Islands, which provided me with extensive laboratory and field experiences, working closely with volcanologists. The experience provided me with inisights of monitoring and research of active volcanic complexes and hands on experience as a volcanologist. My academic and GeoTenerife internship has provided me with important experience, that has motivated me further into pursuing postgraduate studies and fieldwork in volcanology. I am an extremely hard working individual, who is very enthusiastic and motivated about pursuing a career with volcanic research. I would greatly appreciate any opportunities you may have within the observatory. I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you. Kind Regards, Hannah Woods -- Cheryl Cameron Geologist, Alaska Volcano Observatory Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys voice: 907-451-5012 fax: 907-451-5050

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Re: Video footage of Bogoslof Volcano
by cheryl.cameron＠alaska.gov 10 Jul '17

10 Jul '17

Hello Amrit - We do not have video footage of Bogoslof erupting. The CNN video is something they created by interviewing AVO personnel, and then mining our image database for photos of volcanoes (mostly not Bogoslof!). Our image database is here: https://www.avo.alaska.edu/images/index.php Each image has information about how to credit it, and whether or not there are use restrictions. Thank you, Cheryl Cameron -------- Amrit Gahir wrote: Hello there, I'm contacting you on behalf of the MailOnline video desk in London. We're wondering if you have any recent video footage of Bogoslof Volcano that we can use in our player. We've seen that CNN have credited some clips to you in a recent article, so we're hoping to do the same. Please call us on 001 44 0203 6152 889 to discuss further, thanks. Amrit -- Cheryl Cameron Geologist, Alaska Volcano Observatory Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys voice: 907-451-5012 fax: 907-451-5050

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Re: You may get this alot but....
by cheryl.cameron＠alaska.gov 10 Jul '17

10 Jul '17

Hi Rebecca - AVO is composed of three organizations - the US Geological Survey, the State of Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute. When an AVO job is available, it would be posted on the human resources website of whichever organization is hiring. (i.e., the USGS might hire an AVO geologist, so the job would be posted at USAjobs, and not at the State or UAF). HVO has a great volunteer program: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hvo_volunteer.html Best wishes, cheryl -------- Rebecca Gallagher wrote: To whom it may concern, I'm a recent Geoscience graduate looking to get into a field related to volcanism. How does one go about getting a job at AVO? There doesn't seem to be alot of infomaton on how one gets involved in this field. Hope this question isn't way off base for this website but if you have any hints or recommended sites it would he greatly appricated. Thanks for your time. -- Cheryl Cameron Geologist, Alaska Volcano Observatory Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys voice: 907-451-5012 fax: 907-451-5050

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Re: for Alexandra Iezzi
by cheryl.cameron＠alaska.gov 10 Jul '17

10 Jul '17

Hi Jan - I've cc'd Alex on this email. Thanks, cheryl -------- Jan Kleinman wrote: Dear Alexandra, On behalf of the Jack Kleinman Memorial Fund, I have a message for you, as a former grantee. Can you kindly send me your direct email address? Many thanks, Jan -- Cheryl Cameron Geologist, Alaska Volcano Observatory Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys voice: 907-451-5012 fax: 907-451-5050

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Re: Age of Herbert's caldera/unidentified eruption ca. 1601 CE
by cheryl.cameron＠alaska.gov 10 Jul '17

10 Jul '17

Hello Michael - I have not studied the sulfur spike in question. Herbert's crater does seem young, and it does have hot fumaroles, suggesting youthfulness. However, I don't see a compelling reason to tie the unidentified eruption to Herbert - we just don't know very much about Herbert (or many other Aleutian volcanoes, for that matter.) Thanks, cheryl -------- Michael Firth wrote: Hi, I have today been involved in a discussion on the Volcano Cafe blog about an eruption with an unidentified source that produced a significant sulphur spike that happened around 1601 CE, as a "dual" climate effect with the large eruption of Huaynaputina in Peru in 1600 (similar to the "missing" 1808/09 eruption combined with Tambora). It is believed to have been from the northern hemisphere, with a possible location being in the Aleutians. A suggestion was made that it could have been from the eruption that formed Herbert's caldera, because of its appearance which suggests it was quite recent, and the fact there's no data on its eruptive history. Is it realistically possible that Herbert could potentially be the source of this eruption? -- Cheryl Cameron Geologist, Alaska Volcano Observatory Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys voice: 907-451-5012 fax: 907-451-5050

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Re: volcanic vent near Coronation Isl, SE Alaska
by cheryl.cameron＠alaska.gov 10 Jul '17

10 Jul '17

Hi Joel - There are submarine volcanic vents in Southeast Alaska, but none of them are known to be active at this time. The vents that I know of are not particularly close to Coronation Island. Boat water temperature sensors near Sitka often record temperatures in the 60s and 70s, particularly in shallow waters warmed by sunlight. Thank you for passing on the observations, Cheryl -------- Joel Curtis wrote: "...received a call from a Sitka resident who is a commercial fisherman. He recorded some unusually warm water temperatures in the vicinity of Coronation Island near what he said was a submarine volcano. Numerous locations that he recorded were over 60F and one was in excess of 71F. His sensor is 6 ft below the surface mounted on his hull. Current SST at the two closest buoys is 54F. -- Cheryl Cameron Geologist, Alaska Volcano Observatory Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys voice: 907-451-5012 fax: 907-451-5050

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[Public Email] Press Inquiry: Reuters - Bogoslof Volcano
by christina.anagnostopoulos＠thomsonreuters.com 10 Jul '17

10 Jul '17

--------------------------------------------------------------- The following message was sent to you via AVO Web Email System: --------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Christina Anagnostopoulos Email Address: christina.anagnostopoulos(a)thomsonreuters.com Subject: Press Inquiry: Reuters - Bogoslof Volcano Message: Hi there, My name is Christina, I work for Reuters news agency, we heard about the Bogoslof Volcano eruption, and were wondering if the AVO had any photos or videos of the eruption you might be able to share with us? Do let me know! Many thanks, Christina ---------------------------------------------------------------- REMOTE IP ADDRESS: 137.229.113.11 USER AGENT/BROWSER: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36 REFERRING PAGE: https://www.avo.alaska.edu/contact.php

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